See the room below your chosen income ceiling and the outside cash needed for tax. Adjust the ceiling or years, review, then save.
1 · Time before RMDs
Current age Age at the start of this annual scenario. No conversions are modeled at or after the entered RMD age. RMD starting age Generally 73 for 1951–1958 births, or 75 for 1960 onward. The 1959 cohort uses proposed age-73 treatment; confirm applicability. Other ages allow a plan-specific delay. Years in the conversion window Requested annual conversions, limited to the years before the entered RMD age.
2 · Balance and income
Current tax-deferred balance Tax-deferred amount available for this scenario. Each conversion is capped by the modeled remaining balance. Expected annual return Constant annual growth applied before each year-end conversion. No new contributions or other withdrawals are modeled. Taxable income before conversion Annual taxable income after deductions, before conversion. Held constant for every modeled year.
3 · Conversion room and tax cash
Chosen tax-bracket ceiling Enter the bracket ceiling for your filing status and tax year. Held constant; this tool does not look up or inflate tax brackets. Assumed marginal conversion rate One entered rate applied to every converted dollar. Actual marginal tax and benefit effects can differ. Annual outside cash available for tax Cash outside retirement accounts available for first-year conversion tax. A shortfall is flagged, not used to reduce conversions.
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Model assumptions and limits Rules checked in 2026. Simplified educational model. Conversions are generally taxable and cannot be undone. It excludes deductions, state tax, Medicare IRMAA, ACA subsidies, Social Security taxation, basis, market volatility, QCDs, and future law changes. Required minimum distributions themselves cannot be converted.